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中式英语的具体表现 之二

Written by Cindy, a Shanghai interpreter from Interpretersky
 
以上我们举的三个例子都是译者停留在汉语表面意思,而未领略其真正的含义所导致的中式英语,这种现象随处可见,如把 “人文奥运”和“科技奥运”分别译为“People’s Olympics”和“High-tech Olympics”(建议翻译为“Culture-enriched Olympics”和“Techonology-empowered Olympics”)等,我们这里就不再一一列举了。另外还有一种情况是,原文是一些有丰富比喻义或语用义的汉语表达,这时,就更要注意把握其真正的含义,避免生硬的中式英语。如:
5)“我唯一的资本是勤奋”[1]
CE: My Only Capital Is Diligence
这是一篇自我介绍的标题,其内容是谈成功经验。这句话本身是一个隐喻,意思是“我成功的途径没有别的,只有勤奋。”所以,“资本”这个词不能停留在表面含义上,翻译时要把隐含义译出,建议翻译成:
SV: Hardworking------ My Only Means to Success
6) “以服务业为龙头”
CE: with service sector as the dragon head
这里,“龙头”取其比喻义,以汉语为母语的人都能理解它的意思,但直译为英语“dragon head”的话,即使有的英语读者知道“dragon”在汉语中的文化意象,不把它当作贬义看,但他们也并不一定知道“dragon head”具体指什么。所以,这样的翻译只会使读者“丈二和尚摸不着头脑”。针对这种文化意象词,建议摒弃形象,最大程度传达原文意思,如翻译为:
SV: with service sector as flagship
 
出现“the dragon head”这样的译文,一方面,我们归咎于译者双文化意识不够,或者没掌握“龙头”的真正含义,另一方面,译者的英语水平也存在问题,可以说没掌握好英语词义的感情色彩。这两个原因所造成的中式英语还有很多,负面影响也较大,如把“宣传”译为“propaganda”(该英语词常被视为贬义词),“街头妇女”译为“street women”(这个词组有妓女的含义),红灯牌收音机中的品牌名“红灯”直译为“Red Light”(容易使人联想到红灯区(Red Light District)),公共场合的“休息处”译为“resting place”(有坟墓的含义) 或“rest room”(有盥洗室和厕所的意思)。英美读者读到这些翻译,不知道作何感想。
 
还有一些中式英语的出现是因为译者没能了解汉语的语用含义,如我们的一些日常用语:
7)你通知一下别人。
CE: Bother you to inform other people.
这里要体会“烦”的真正含义,它其实是一个虚词,表达请求的语气。所以译文要用英语中表达请求语气的句子。试译:
SV: Could you please inform other people ?
8) 麻烦你帮我一个忙。
CE: Trouble you to help me.
这样的翻译很生硬,不符合英文表达。同样,做这样的翻译要体会原汉语词的语用含义,这里的“麻烦”也是虚指,表达客气的请求,拟议为:
SV: Could you do me a favor ?
以上,我们了解了因为没有正确理解原文汉语所造成的机械翻译,这正是导致大量中式英语产生的重要原因。之所以出现这种情况,与译者的大意不无关系,特别是一些译者忽视汉语原文理解的重要性,以为是母语就不存在理解的问题。实际情况是,拿到原文,他们先匆匆浏览一遍,在对汉语意思一知半解的情况下,就着急动笔翻译,结果产出大量中式英语和大量误译。要避免这种情况,译者就要保持认真严谨的态度,动笔前要三思,问自己是否理解原文意思,是否把握了字面背后的隐含义,否则,极易产生牵强的中式英语,不仅达不到交流作用,还会产生反作用。所谓“理解是翻译的基础”这句话同样适用于汉英翻译。
 
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[1] 方梦之,马秉义. 汉译英实践与技巧[C]. 北京:旅游教育出版社,1996. P87.
 
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